Vaginitis

Causes of Vaginitis

 

Vaginitis is the disruption of the healthy vaginal microbiota. The vaginal microbiota consists of those organisms which generally do not cause symptoms, infections, and results in good pregnancy outcomes, and is dominated mainly by Lactobacillus species.[7] The disruption of the normal microbiota can cause a vaginal yeast infection. Vaginal yeast infection can affect women of all ages and is very common. Specific forms of vaginal inflammation include the following types:

• Infection

Infectious vaginitis accounts for 90% of all cases in reproductive age women:
 Candidiasis: vaginitis caused by proliferation of Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida krusei[8
 Bacterial vaginosis: vaginitis caused by increased growth of Gardnerella (a bacterium).[7]

Other less common infections are caused by gonorrhea, chlamydia, Mycoplasma, herpes, Campylobacter, improper hygiene, and some parasites, notably Trichomonas vaginalis.[9] Women who have diabetes develop infectious vaginitis more often than women who do not.[10]

Vaginal infections often have multiple causes (varies between countries between 20 to 40% of vaginal infections), which present challenging cases for treatment. Indeed, when only one cause is treated, the other pathogens can become resistant to treatment and induce relapses and recurrences. Therefore, the key factor is to get a precise diagnosis and treat with broad spectrum anti-infective agents (often also inducing adverse effects).
Further, either a change in pH balance or introduction of foreign bacteria in the vagina can lead to infectious vaginitis. Physical factors that have been claimed to contribute to the development of infections include the following: constantly wet vulva due to tight clothing, chemicals coming in contact with the vagina via scented tampons, antibiotics, birth control pills, or a diet favoring refined sugar and yeast.

• Before puberty

    Bacterial vaginosis: vaginitis caused by Streptococcus spp..[citation needed]
    Improper hygiene, which may introduce bacteria or other irritants from the anal region to the vaginal
area.
The pH balance in adolescent girls' bodies is not conducive to the growth of Candida albicans, so they are unlikely to contract a yeast infection.

• Hormonal

Hormonal vaginitis includes atrophic vaginitis usually found in postmenopausal or postpartum women. Sometimes it can occur in young girls before puberty. In these situations the estrogen support of the vagina is poor.

• Irritation/allergy

Irritant vaginitis can be caused by allergies to condoms, spermicides, soaps, perfumes, douches, lubricants, and semen. It can also be caused by hot tubs, abrasion, tissue, tampons, or topical medications.

Foreign body vaginitis (most common foreign bodies are retained tampons or condoms) may cause extremely malodorous vaginal discharges. Treatment consists of removal, for which ring forceps may be useful. Further treatment is generally not necessary.

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaginitis